Biological complexity: photosynthesis energy controls (Introduction)
Another study increases the knowledge of the overwhelming complexity involved:
https://phys.org/news/2020-06-revisiting-energy-photosynthetic-cells.html
"Photosynthesis utilizes light as an energy source for plant chloroplasts to synthesize carbohydrates from water and CO2 molecules. ATPplays an important role in this process, as it promotes plant growth and supply energy for various cellular activities. It had been a general belief that mature plant chloroplasts can import ATP from cytosol since 1969, but it was shown to be untrue by Dr. Lim and his team in 2018, through introducing a novel ATP sensor in the subcellular compartments of a C3 model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. This finding has revised our understanding on chloroplast bioenergetics during daytime and nighttime and how mature chloroplasts optimize energy efficiency.
"Another unresolved problem in photo-energy is that the source of NADH as a fuel for mitochondria (the major ATP synthesizing organelle in cells) to produce ATP during photosynthesis is unclear. Some researchers suggested that excess reducing equivalents carried by surplus NADPH (Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) can be exported to the cytosol in the form of malate, which can then enter mitochondria through the malate-OAA shuttle, and converted into OAA and NADH in the mitochondrial matrix.
"On the other hand, some researchers proposed that during photorespiration glycine decarboxylase generates a large amount of NADH in mitochondria for ATP production and surplus reducing equivalents carried by NADH is exported by the mitochondrial malate-OAA shuttle to the cytosol.
***
"...we found that photorespiration supplies a large amount of NADH to mitochondria during photosynthesis, which exceeds the NADH-dissipating capacity of the mitochondria. Consequently, the surplus NADH must be exported from the mitochondria to the cytosol through the mitochondrial malate-OAA shuttle," said Ms Sheyli Lim, a Ph.D. student and the first author of a manuscript published in Nature Communications. "Solving this question allows us to understand more about the energy flow between chloroplasts and mitochondria during photosynthesis, which could help us to booth the efficiency of photosynthesis in the future."
Comment: It is difficult to follow this verbiage without looking at the diagram which I cannot reproduce here. Only a designer could produce this complex system.
Complete thread:
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David Turell,
2019-08-13, 21:10
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors - David Turell, 2019-09-04, 22:55
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors; very well -
David Turell,
2020-03-30, 21:03
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors; very well - David Turell, 2020-04-12, 21:27
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors; very well - David Turell, 2021-08-04, 22:55
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors -
David Turell,
2016-05-26, 18:36
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-26, 17:17
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-26, 22:25
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-27, 13:04
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-27, 18:52
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-28, 11:43
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-28, 21:48
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-29, 13:34
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-29, 15:17
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-30, 09:14
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-30, 14:50
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-31, 13:23
- Biological complexity: intercellular signalling - David Turell, 2016-05-31, 15:05
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-01, 01:54
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-01, 13:04
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-01, 21:22
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-02, 12:27
- Biological complexity: circadian clocks - David Turell, 2016-06-02, 14:15
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-03, 01:42
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-03, 13:08
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 02:45
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-04, 11:37
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 15:53
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-05, 13:08
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-05, 15:43
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-06, 12:52
- Biological complexity: calcium blood level controls -
David Turell,
2016-06-09, 23:25
- Biological complexity: kidney function is higly complex - David Turell, 2016-06-27, 01:31
- Biological complexity: calcium blood level controls -
David Turell,
2016-06-09, 23:25
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-06, 12:52
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-05, 15:43
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-05, 13:08
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 15:53
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-04, 11:37
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 02:45
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-03, 13:08
- Biological complexity: how to make a whale -
David Turell,
2016-06-30, 02:02
- Biological complexity: automatic breathing controls -
David Turell,
2016-07-05, 18:07
- Biological complexity: cell communication controls -
David Turell,
2016-07-05, 18:21
- Biological complexity: immune cell stem cell cooperation -
David Turell,
2016-07-08, 15:21
- Biological complexity: human male sex function -
David Turell,
2016-07-13, 19:50
- Biological complexity: human male sex function - David Turell, 2019-05-03, 20:49
- Biological complexity: human male sex function -
David Turell,
2016-07-13, 19:50
- Biological complexity: intracellular protein delivery -
David Turell,
2016-08-19, 23:10
- Biological complexity: intracellular protein delivery -
dhw,
2016-08-20, 12:06
- Biological complexity: intracellular protein delivery -
David Turell,
2016-08-20, 16:25
- Biological complexity: how nucleus holds it shape -
David Turell,
2016-08-22, 20:09
- Biological complexity: how vitamin A enters a cell -
David Turell,
2016-08-25, 20:08
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
David Turell,
2016-08-29, 15:54
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
dhw,
2016-08-30, 11:36
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
David Turell,
2016-08-30, 18:58
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
dhw,
2016-08-31, 13:06
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells - David Turell, 2016-08-31, 18:21
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
dhw,
2016-08-31, 13:06
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
David Turell,
2016-08-30, 18:58
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two results -
David Turell,
2016-09-02, 19:09
- Biological complexity: respiratory mitochondrial form -
David Turell,
2016-09-06, 19:20
- Biological complexity: how cells attach or repel -
David Turell,
2016-09-06, 20:40
- Biological complexity: how cells remove garbage -
David Turell,
2016-09-14, 23:57
- Biological complexity: sensory receptors everywhere -
David Turell,
2016-09-16, 15:40
- Biological complexity: automatic molecular switches -
David Turell,
2016-09-19, 18:52
- Biological complexity: automatic neuron controls -
David Turell,
2016-09-22, 14:54
- Biological complexity: tracking DNA/RNA activity: -
David Turell,
2016-10-03, 14:37
- Biological complexity: Nitrogen fixing -
David Turell,
2016-10-05, 15:26
- Biological complexity: 60 million proteins in a cell -
David Turell,
2016-10-06, 02:32
- Biological complexity: Using micro-nutrient Selenium -
David Turell,
2016-10-06, 18:38
- Biological complexity: Sodium levels and thirst controls -
David Turell,
2016-10-09, 01:53
- Biological complexity: engulfing photosynthesis -
David Turell,
2016-10-10, 20:22
- Biological complexity: evolution of mammalian pregnancy -
David Turell,
2016-10-15, 01:47
- Biological complexity: circadian muscle oxygen use -
David Turell,
2016-10-21, 18:37
- Biological complexity:plants sense light and temperature -
David Turell,
2016-10-28, 00:33
- Biological complexity: how cell structure functions -
David Turell,
2016-11-06, 00:38
- Biological complexity: how cell structure functions -
dhw,
2016-11-06, 13:52
- Biological complexity: how cell structure functions - David Turell, 2016-11-06, 15:02
- Biological complexity: how cell structure functions -
dhw,
2016-11-06, 13:52
- Biological complexity: breathing controls -
David Turell,
2016-11-09, 17:38
- Biological complexity: blood vessel controls -
David Turell,
2016-11-11, 01:29
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-11, 22:59
- Biological complexity: describing the nuclear pore - David Turell, 2016-11-12, 20:26
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-13, 00:10
- dhw: Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
dhw,
2016-11-13, 13:21
- dhw: Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-13, 15:59
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
dhw,
2016-11-14, 12:01
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-14, 17:32
- Biological complexity: complex glucose controls -
David Turell,
2016-11-14, 18:34
- Biological complexity: automatic cellular switches - David Turell, 2016-11-15, 00:00
- Biological complexity: complex glucose controls - David Turell, 2019-08-16, 19:00
- Biological complexity: controlled cell death - David Turell, 2019-02-11, 17:22
- Biological complexity: complex glucose controls -
David Turell,
2016-11-14, 18:34
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-14, 17:32
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
dhw,
2016-11-14, 12:01
- dhw: Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-13, 15:59
- dhw: Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
dhw,
2016-11-13, 13:21
- Biological complexity: how stressed bacteria go dormant -
David Turell,
2016-11-11, 22:59
- Biological complexity: blood vessel controls -
David Turell,
2016-11-11, 01:29
- Biological complexity: how cell structure functions -
David Turell,
2016-11-06, 00:38
- Biological complexity:plants sense light and temperature -
David Turell,
2016-10-28, 00:33
- Biological complexity:pregnancy alters immunity - David Turell, 2017-09-02, 19:35
- Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
David Turell,
2019-11-30, 22:35
- Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-01, 08:52
- Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
David Turell,
2019-12-01, 14:41
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-02, 13:41
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
David Turell,
2019-12-02, 14:42
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-03, 10:43
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war - David Turell, 2019-12-03, 16:19
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-03, 10:43
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
David Turell,
2019-12-02, 14:42
- DAVID: Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-02, 13:41
- Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
David Turell,
2019-12-01, 14:41
- Biological complexity: mammalian pregnancy is a war -
dhw,
2019-12-01, 08:52
- Biological complexity: circadian muscle oxygen use -
David Turell,
2016-10-21, 18:37
- Biological complexity:photosynthesis not understood -
David Turell,
2016-11-21, 20:59
- Biological complexity:one enzyme two hormones -
David Turell,
2016-11-23, 22:23
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-25, 01:15
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-25, 12:21
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-25, 15:44
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-26, 13:03
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-26, 15:39
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-29, 11:26
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-29, 19:16
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-30, 12:16
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-30, 15:29
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-12-01, 13:05
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-01, 18:57
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-02, 10:47
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-03, 01:00
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-03, 13:59
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-03, 14:59
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-04, 12:23
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-04, 17:43
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-05, 14:09
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-05, 17:51
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-06, 10:22
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-06, 10:22
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-05, 17:51
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-05, 14:09
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-04, 17:43
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-04, 12:23
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-03, 14:59
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-03, 13:59
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-03, 01:00
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parasitizes -
dhw,
2016-12-02, 10:47
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-12-01, 18:57
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-12-01, 13:05
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-30, 15:29
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-30, 12:16
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-29, 19:16
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-29, 11:26
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-26, 15:39
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-26, 13:03
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-25, 15:44
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
dhw,
2016-11-25, 12:21
- Biological complexity:how toxoplasmosis parastizes -
David Turell,
2016-11-25, 01:15
- Biological complexity:one enzyme two hormones -
David Turell,
2016-11-23, 22:23
- Biological complexity: evolution of mammalian pregnancy -
David Turell,
2016-10-15, 01:47
- Biological complexity: engulfing photosynthesis -
David Turell,
2016-10-10, 20:22
- Biological complexity: Sodium levels and thirst controls -
David Turell,
2016-10-09, 01:53
- Biological complexity: Using micro-nutrient Selenium -
David Turell,
2016-10-06, 18:38
- Biological complexity: 60 million proteins in a cell -
David Turell,
2016-10-06, 02:32
- Biological complexity: Nitrogen fixing -
David Turell,
2016-10-05, 15:26
- Biological complexity: tracking DNA/RNA activity: -
David Turell,
2016-10-03, 14:37
- Biological complexity: automatic neuron controls -
David Turell,
2016-09-22, 14:54
- Biological complexity: automatic molecular switches -
David Turell,
2016-09-19, 18:52
- Biological complexity: sensory receptors everywhere -
David Turell,
2016-09-16, 15:40
- Biological complexity: how cells remove garbage -
David Turell,
2016-09-14, 23:57
- Biological complexity: how cells attach or repel -
David Turell,
2016-09-06, 20:40
- Biological complexity: respiratory mitochondrial form -
David Turell,
2016-09-06, 19:20
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
dhw,
2016-08-30, 11:36
- Biological complexity: one receptor, two T cells -
David Turell,
2016-08-29, 15:54
- Biological complexity: how vitamin A enters a cell -
David Turell,
2016-08-25, 20:08
- Biological complexity: how nucleus holds it shape -
David Turell,
2016-08-22, 20:09
- Biological complexity: intracellular protein delivery -
David Turell,
2016-08-20, 16:25
- Biological complexity: intracellular protein delivery -
dhw,
2016-08-20, 12:06
- Biological complexity: immune cell stem cell cooperation -
David Turell,
2016-07-08, 15:21
- Biological complexity: cell communication controls -
David Turell,
2016-07-05, 18:21
- Biological complexity: automatic breathing controls -
David Turell,
2016-07-05, 18:07
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-02, 12:27
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-01, 21:22
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-06-01, 13:04
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-31, 13:23
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-30, 14:50
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-30, 09:14
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-29, 15:17
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-29, 13:34
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-28, 21:48
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-28, 11:43
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-27, 18:52
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-27, 13:04
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-26, 22:25
- Biological complexity: how we smell odors -
David Turell,
2016-05-26, 15:53
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-26, 01:40
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-25, 12:56
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-24, 20:16
- Biological complexity: red cell enzyme activity -
David Turell,
2016-05-23, 15:48
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-23, 15:32
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-23, 12:53
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-22, 21:48
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-22, 17:54
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-21, 15:35
- Biological complexity: finding Nucleolus functions -
David Turell,
2016-05-20, 22:21
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-20, 20:26
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-20, 13:17
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-19, 22:54
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-19, 12:42
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-18, 11:45
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-17, 22:03
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-17, 11:50
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-16, 17:39
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-16, 15:58
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-15, 20:02
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-15, 17:46
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-05-14, 14:03
- Biological complexity: protozoa sans mitochondria -
dhw,
2016-05-14, 10:27
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-13, 12:32
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 00:12
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-11, 15:33
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-11, 13:02
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-10, 18:26
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-10, 16:45
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-09, 19:12
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-09, 13:13
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-08, 15:26
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-08, 13:01
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-07, 15:11
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-07, 11:39
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-06, 15:53
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-06, 13:07
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-05, 15:43
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
dhw,
2016-05-05, 12:19
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-05-04, 16:23
- Biological complexity: photosynthesis -
David Turell,
2016-02-27, 15:32
- Biological complexity: more cell pore complexity -
David Turell,
2016-02-24, 21:53
- Biological complexity: building celllular microtubules -
David Turell,
2016-02-11, 20:40
- Biological complexity: how heart mucle works -
David Turell,
2016-02-09, 00:35
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
David Turell,
2016-01-31, 15:30
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
dhw,
2016-01-31, 13:12
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
David Turell,
2016-01-30, 14:22
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
dhw,
2016-01-30, 13:36
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
David Turell,
2016-01-29, 18:30
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
dhw,
2016-01-29, 13:44
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
David Turell,
2016-01-28, 19:08
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
dhw,
2016-01-28, 18:15
- Biological complexity: cell molecular communication -
David Turell,
2016-01-27, 18:29
- Biological complexity: ion channels -
David Turell,
2016-01-18, 22:07
- Biological complexity: evolution of ion exchange pathways -
David Turell,
2015-07-27, 15:23
- Biological complexity: metabolic gene controls -
David Turell,
2015-07-25, 15:46
- Biological complexity: cell division chromosome actions -
David Turell,
2015-07-13, 18:48
- Biological complexity: vesicle membranes -
David Turell,
2015-07-10, 16:00
- Biological complexity: regulating metabolism -
David Turell,
2015-06-22, 19:40
- Biological complexity: nucler pores -
David Turell,
2015-06-06, 20:28
- Biological complexity: bacteria fight viruses -
David Turell,
2015-04-20, 14:38
- Biological complexity: the cell, a video animation -
David Turell,
2015-04-17, 15:54
- Biological complexity -
David Turell,
2013-11-15, 14:45