Introducing the brain: only primates have this tract (Introduction)

by David Turell , Thursday, July 11, 2024, 14:03 (133 days ago) @ David Turell

Related to vision:

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(24)00818-2?dgcid=raven_jbs_aip...

"Diffusion MRI reveals preserved occipital white matter organization across primates
•
"Primate brains have a prominent pathway connecting dorsal and ventral visual cortex
•
"Clear evidence for such a pathway was absent in non-primate species
•
"This prominent pathway has greatly expanded or possibly emerged in primates

"Summary
Vision in humans and other primates enlists parallel processing streams in the dorsal and ventral visual cortex, known to support spatial and object processing, respectively. These streams are bridged, however, by a prominent white matter tract, the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), identified in both classical neuroanatomy and recent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies. Understanding the evolution of the VOF may shed light on its origin, function, and role in visually guided behaviors. To this end, we acquired high-resolution dMRI data from the brains of select mammalian species, including anthropoid and strepsirrhine primates, a tree shrew, rodents, and carnivores. In each species, we attempted to delineate the VOF after first locating the optic radiations in the occipital white matter. In all primate species examined, the optic radiation was flanked laterally by a prominent and coherent white matter fasciculus recognizable as the VOF. By contrast, the equivalent analysis applied to four non-primate species from the same superorder as primates (tree shrew, ground squirrel, paca, and rat) failed to reveal white matter tracts in the equivalent location. Clear evidence for a VOF was also absent in two larger carnivore species (ferret and fox). Although we cannot rule out the existence of minor or differently organized homologous fiber pathways in the non-primate species, the results suggest that the VOF has greatly expanded, or possibly emerged, in the primate lineage. This adaptation likely facilitated the evolution of unique visually guided behaviors in primates, with direct impacts on manual object manipulation, social interactions, and arboreal locomotion."

Comment: it is obvious that primates are more complexly evolved than other species. Therefore, a more advanced brain is not surprising.