Introducing the brain: energy requirements (Introduction)

by David Turell , Saturday, July 04, 2020, 22:50 (1601 days ago) @ David Turell

The human brain uses 20% of all caloric expenditure by the body. The neurons are most demanding in this study:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-oxygen-brain.html

The brain has a high energy demand and reacts very sensitively to oxygen deficiency. LMU neurobiologists have now succeeded for the first time in directly correlating oxygen consumption with the activity of certain nerve cells.

"The brain requires a disproportionate amount of energy compared to its body mass. This energy is mainly generated by aerobic metabolic processes that consume considerable amounts of oxygen. Therefore, the oxygen concentrations in the brain are an important parameter that influences the function of nerve cells and glial cells. However, how much oxygen is consumed in the brain and how this is related to neuronal activity was so far largely unknown. LMU neurobiologists Hans Straka, Suzan Özugur, and Lars Kunz have now succeeded for the first time in directly measuring this in the intact brain and correlating it with nerve cell activity.

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"'We have found that the brain is anoxic in a normal air-saturated environment, which means that no oxygen can be measured," says Straka. The complete oxygen was therefore immediately used by the cells to synthesize energy-rich substances. If more than twice the atmospheric oxygen concentration was available, the energy metabolism was saturated and oxygen was abundantly present in the brain.

"'We were also able to show that during normal operation only about 50 percent of the oxygen is used for nerve cell activity," says Straka. "So the other 50 percent are required for glial cells and for maintaining the basic metabolic rate of nerve cells. However, nerve cells with increased activity consume more oxygen.'"

Comment: It can be assumed each expansion of the brain was accompanied by a proportionate increase in caloric requirement. This means not only had there to be several simultaneous bony changes but also an adjustment in the division of caloric energy usage and an increase in calorie intake. I doubt this all could be naturally coordinated by chance evolution and had to be designed.