Introducing the brain: the role of glia cells (Introduction)
They function in memory and learning :
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-06-overlooked-glial-cell-key-memory.html
"Glial cells surround neurons and provide support—not unlike hospital staff and nurses supporting doctors to keep operations running smoothly. These often-overlooked cells, which include oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, are the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system.
"But these cells do more than support neurons. They also actively influence them, University of California, Riverside, researchers report.
"The researchers focused on astrocytes—star-shaped cells that greatly outnumber neurons—in mice, and found that when these cells overproduce a protein called ephrin-B1, the ability to retain memory weakens.
"We examined mouse learning behaviors and found that overproduction of this protein in astrocytes can lead to impaired retention of contextual memory and the ability to navigate in space," said Iryna Ethell, a professor of biomedical sciences in the School of Medicine, who led the research. "We think that astrocytes expressing too much of ephrin-B1 can attack neurons and remove synapses, the connections through which neurons communicate."
***
"'The overproduction of ephrin-B1 can be a novel mechanism by which unwanted synapses are removed in the healthy brain, with excessive removal leading to neurodegeneration" Ethell said.
"While the research was done on a mouse model, the results are applicable in humans whose astrocytes also produce ephrin-B1. Astrocytes tend to increase ephrin-B1 production during traumatic brain injury – which is what led Ethell to pursue the current research.
***
"'Excessive loss of synapses is a problem," Ethell said. "The hippocampus, the region of the brain associated primarily with memory, is plastic. Here, new neuronal connections are formed when we learn something new. But the hippocampus has a limited capacity; some connections need to go to 'make space' for new connections—new memories. To learn, we must first forget."
"In contrast to an ephrin-B1 increase, when this protein decreases (or is down-regulated) it results in more synapses—and better learning. The astrocytes, in this case, are not able to attach to the synapses.
"'But you don't want to remember everything," said Amanda Q Nguyen, a Neuroscience Graduate Program student working in Ethell's lab, and a co-first author of the research paper. "It's all about maintaining a balance: being able to learn but also to forget."
"Advice the researchers have for the public is simple: keep the brain—that is, the neurons—active.
"'Reading and solving puzzles is a good start," Ethell said."
Comment: Another way the brain/material side of dualism reacts, showing how the brain interfaces with the active soul/consciousness for learning and memory. Note how astrocytes are so plentiful compared to neurons. As usual these represent feedback controls that maintain consistency in the balance of living cells or organs.
Complete thread:
- Introducing the brain -
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David Turell,
2020-02-20, 21:04
- Introducing the brain: Brain control of blood supply -
David Turell,
2020-02-20, 22:12
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
David Turell,
2020-02-20, 22:38
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
dhw,
2020-02-21, 12:44
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
David Turell,
2020-02-21, 15:00
- Introducing the brain: Albrecht-Buehler addendum - David Turell, 2020-02-21, 22:05
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
David Turell,
2020-02-21, 15:00
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
dhw,
2020-02-21, 12:44
- Introducing the brain: bumble bee brain confirms shapes -
David Turell,
2020-02-20, 22:38
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-21, 12:50
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-21, 20:11
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-22, 11:07
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-22, 18:16
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-23, 08:37
- !! -
David Turell,
2020-02-23, 18:19
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-24, 18:45
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-25, 10:39
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-25, 15:25
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-26, 19:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-26, 21:11
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-27, 11:06
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-27, 20:42
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-01, 08:44
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-01, 19:21
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-02, 11:41
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-02, 22:17
- Introducing the brain: newborn brain well organized - David Turell, 2020-03-02, 23:52
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-03, 15:41
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-03, 19:05
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-04, 12:30
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-04, 20:39
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-05, 11:49
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-05, 15:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain; new erectus paper -
David Turell,
2020-03-05, 21:40
- Introducing the brain: half a brain; new erectus paper - David Turell, 2020-03-06, 02:14
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-06, 15:56
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-06, 17:34
- Introducing the brain: role of transporters in neurons -
David Turell,
2020-03-06, 20:41
- Introducing the brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-03-07, 01:32
- Introducing the brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 20:35
- Introducing the brain: neurons change to form memories - David Turell, 2020-03-14, 01:29
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-05-22, 20:56
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-12, 22:10
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-13, 11:14
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-13, 20:13
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-14, 10:55
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-14, 18:46
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-14, 23:36
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different - David Turell, 2020-06-14, 23:51
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-15, 11:09
- Introducing the brain: dopamine everywhere - David Turell, 2020-06-15, 17:35
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-15, 18:02
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-16, 11:20
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different - David Turell, 2020-06-16, 19:44
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-16, 11:20
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-14, 23:36
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-14, 18:46
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-14, 10:55
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-13, 20:13
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
dhw,
2020-06-13, 11:14
- Introducing the enlarging brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-06-12, 22:10
- Introducing the brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 20:35
- Introducing the brain: human cerebellum different -
David Turell,
2020-03-07, 01:32
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-07, 11:28
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-07, 22:43
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-08, 11:08
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-08, 18:11
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-09, 11:03
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-09, 20:26
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-10, 11:03
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-10, 17:50
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-11, 11:54
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-11, 14:28
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-12, 07:56
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 00:10
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-13, 17:44
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 19:32
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-14, 12:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-14, 21:16
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-15, 10:28
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
David Turell,
2020-03-15, 15:22
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
dhw,
2020-03-16, 13:56
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
David Turell,
2020-03-16, 15:22
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
dhw,
2020-03-17, 12:58
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern - David Turell, 2020-03-17, 20:05
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
dhw,
2020-03-17, 12:58
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
David Turell,
2020-03-16, 15:22
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
dhw,
2020-03-16, 13:56
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-15, 19:50
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-16, 14:08
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-16, 18:48
- Introducing the brain: stimulating neurons uses EPO - David Turell, 2020-03-16, 20:59
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-17, 13:16
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-17, 21:15
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-18, 08:52
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-18, 18:52
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-19, 11:49
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-19, 19:04
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-19, 19:04
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-19, 11:49
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-18, 18:52
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-18, 08:52
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-17, 21:15
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-16, 18:48
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-16, 14:08
- Introducing the brain: brain growth by pattern -
David Turell,
2020-03-15, 15:22
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-15, 10:28
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-14, 21:16
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-14, 12:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 19:32
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-13, 17:44
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-13, 00:10
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-12, 07:56
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-11, 14:28
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-11, 11:54
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-10, 17:50
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-10, 11:03
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-09, 20:26
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-09, 11:03
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-08, 18:11
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-08, 11:08
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-07, 22:43
- Introducing the brain: role of transporters in neurons -
David Turell,
2020-03-06, 20:41
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-06, 17:34
- Introducing the brain: half a brain; new erectus paper -
David Turell,
2020-03-05, 21:40
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-05, 15:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-05, 11:49
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-04, 20:39
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-04, 12:30
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-03, 19:05
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-02, 22:17
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-02, 11:41
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-03-01, 19:21
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-03-01, 08:44
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-27, 20:42
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-27, 11:06
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-26, 21:11
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-26, 19:31
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-25, 15:25
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-25, 10:39
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-24, 18:45
- !! -
David Turell,
2020-02-23, 18:19
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-23, 08:37
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-22, 18:16
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-22, 11:07
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-21, 20:11
- Introducing the brain: Brain control of blood supply -
David Turell,
2020-02-20, 22:12
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-20, 21:04
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-20, 11:01
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-19, 19:08
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
dhw,
2020-02-19, 13:53
- Introducing the brain: half a brain is just fine -
David Turell,
2020-02-18, 18:33
- Introducing the brain: microglia have many functions -
David Turell,
2020-02-17, 15:01
- Introducing the brain: microglia have many functions -
David Turell,
2020-02-12, 20:50
- Introducing the brain: protecting memories of learned info -
David Turell,
2020-02-11, 14:35
- Introducing the brain: protecting memories of learned info -
David Turell,
2020-02-10, 20:04
- Introducing the brain: strict blood-brain barrier -
David Turell,
2020-02-10, 19:35
- Introducing the brain: not understanding how it works -
David Turell,
2020-02-02, 19:29
- Introducing the brain: keeping track of the body -
David Turell,
2019-11-09, 19:33
- Introducing the brain: the plasticity of the single neuron -
David Turell,
2019-08-06, 20:46
- Introducing the brain: the plasticity of the single neuron -
David Turell,
2019-07-12, 19:21
- Introducing the brain: astrocytes clean up toxic lipids -
David Turell,
2019-06-01, 20:05
- Introducing the brain: how Mother's voice shapes it -
David Turell,
2019-06-01, 18:30
- Introducing the brain: it anticipates senses -
David Turell,
2019-05-15, 18:18
- Introducing the brain: it anticipates senses -
dhw,
2019-05-15, 13:35
- Introducing the brain: it anticipates senses -
David Turell,
2019-05-14, 15:13
- Introducing the brain: it anticipates senses -
dhw,
2019-05-14, 13:18
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-06-02, 15:07
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-06-02, 08:40
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-06-01, 14:41
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-06-01, 07:53
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-31, 18:17
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-31, 12:01
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-30, 18:15
- Introducing the brain: the GPS system -
David Turell,
2018-05-29, 18:24
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-29, 15:18
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-29, 12:42
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-28, 15:05
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-28, 10:37
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-27, 20:42
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-27, 10:55
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-26, 15:27
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-26, 11:22
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-25, 20:03
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-25, 11:30
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-25, 00:04
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-24, 19:23
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-23, 22:10
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-23, 13:07
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-22, 18:37
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-22, 12:50
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-21, 20:09
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-21, 13:37
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-20, 15:36
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-20, 10:28
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-19, 20:22
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-19, 09:52
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-18, 20:54
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-18, 13:03
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-18, 00:08
- Introducing the brain: altering the mind -
David Turell,
2018-05-16, 21:38
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-16, 19:03
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-16, 13:38
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-15, 17:55
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-15, 13:12
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-14, 17:51
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-14, 13:10
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-13, 17:32
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-13, 14:02
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-13, 00:24
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-12, 11:09
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-11, 17:47
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-11, 12:11
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-10, 18:56
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-10, 13:57
- Introducing the brain -
David Turell,
2018-05-09, 17:58
- Introducing the brain -
dhw,
2018-05-09, 13:07