Immunity system complexity: B cells tell T cells (Introduction)

by David Turell , Friday, July 24, 2020, 00:41 (1721 days ago) @ David Turell

Both B and T cells are made in bone marrow. B cells must take a long journey to lymph nodes to do their work:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200722112741.htm

"The study, led by scientists at the University of York, reveals how B-cells -- crucial agents of the immune response -- are faced with a perilous path, swimming through a dense network of other cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, to reach the follicles of the lymph nodes.

"The research team discovered that structures inside lymph nodes leave a trail of chemical signals that guide B-cells through these complex tissues -- like miniature lighthouses guiding a safe shipping passage.

"Once they have reached the lymph nodes (glands which function as filters trapping viruses and bacteria before they can infect other parts of the body) B-cells confront invading pathogens and take molecules from their surfaces known as antigens. They process and present these to T cells, which then manufacture antibodies allowing them to identify and destroy the invaders.

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"'Our study suggests that B-cells sniff out a chemical trail which allows them to swim over relatively long distances in a highly complex microenvironment to reach their key destination.

"'Relying on a single chemical transmitter to act as a beacon across the whole of the lymph node wouldn't do the trick, since the signal becomes too dilute and swamped by noise. Instead, these multiple signals are like having a trail of breadcrumbs that the cells can follow."

"The study may solve the mystery of how cells which are a hundred times smaller than a millimetre are able to travel over distances of around a metre to get to where they are needed in the body.

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"'Research into understanding the workings of the immune system at the scale of single molecules may help us to understand why things go wrong in the case of some diseases of the immune system. It may help pave the way to new drugs that help to improve the immune system's ability to combat emerging threats from harmful viruses and bacteria that the human population have not previously encountered.'"

Comment: A highly complex system not produced by chance. And again this may help us correct things that will go wrong.