Junk DNA goodbye: a new definitive study (Introduction)

by David Turell , Tuesday, July 02, 2024, 19:15 (145 days ago) @ David Turell

Using C. elegans:

https://phys.org/news/2024-07-rna-junk-genes.html

The study provides a detailed map of the 3'UTR regions of RNA in C. elegans. 3'UTRs (untranslated regions) are segments of RNA involved in gene regulation.

***

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the blueprints for an astonishing diversity of life on Earth. However, part of the secret to this versatility lies not in the genes themselves but in how their effects are delicately fine-tuned. Genes provide the instructions for making proteins, which play essential roles in building and repairing cells and tissues, speeding up chemical reactions and defending the body against pathogens.

***

"Once genetic instructions are transcribed from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), specialized segments of the mRNA—the 3'UTRs—can regulate how the proteins are produced.

"3'UTRs are sections of RNA located at the end of a messenger RNA molecule. They help to govern how and when proteins are made by controlling the stability and efficiency of the mRNA. This regulation allows for dynamic responses to environmental changes and enables control over protein production, which is essential for adapting to various physiological needs.

"Initially, noncoding RNAs like 3'UTRs were regarded as nonessential genetic fragments because they themselves do not code for proteins. However, recent research reveals that they are crucial for modifying gene behavior and influencing mRNA stability, localization and translation efficiency. Translation refers to the process of converting RNA into proteins composed of sequences of amino acids.

"3'UTRs are an integral part of a sophisticated and highly adaptable system of checks and balances on protein production. Additionally, these RNA regulatory elements often contain binding sites for other elements responsible for protein regulation, including microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. (my bold)

***

"The insights gained from the new study have far-reaching implications for human health. Problems with gene control can lead to diseases like cancer, diabetes and neurological disorders. By providing a detailed map of 3'UTRs and their regulatory elements, the research offers new insights that could lead to better treatments and therapies."

Comment: it is now obvious every bit of DNA is there for a reason. The very fine tight controls of protein production reeks of design. Trial and error cannot accomplish this mechanism.