Genome complexity: hibernation and dormancy (Introduction)
Protein controls found:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/most-life-on-earth-is-dormant-after-pulling-an-emergency...
"Researchers recently reported the discovery of a natural protein, named Balon, that can bring a cell’s production of new proteins to a screeching halt. Balon was found in bacteria that hibernate in Arctic permafrost, but it also seems to be made by many other organisms and may be an overlooked mechanism for dormancy throughout the tree of life.
"For most life forms, the ability to shut oneself off is a vital part of staying alive. Harsh conditions like lack of food or cold weather can appear out of nowhere. In these dire straits, rather than keel over and die, many organisms have mastered the art of dormancy. They slow down their activity and metabolism. Then, when better times roll back around, they reanimate.
"Sitting around in a dormant state is actually the norm for the majority of life on Earth: By some estimates, 60% of all microbial cells are hibernating at any given time. Even in organisms whose entire bodies do not go dormant, like most mammals, some cellular populations within them rest and wait for the best time to activate.
“'We live on a dormant planet,” said Sergey Melnikov, an evolutionary molecular biologist at Newcastle University. “Life is mainly about being asleep.”
***
"Some hibernation factors dismantle cellular machinery; others prevent genes from being expressed. The most important ones, however, shut down the ribosome — the cell’s machine for building new proteins. Making proteins accounts for more than 50% of energy use in a growing bacterial cell. These hibernation factors throw sand in the gears of the ribosome, preventing it from synthesizing new proteins and thereby saving energy for the needs of basic survival.
***
"Previously, all known ribosome-disrupting hibernation factors worked passively: They waited for a ribosome to finish building a protein and then prevented it from starting a new one. Balon, however, pulls the emergency brake. It stuffs itself into every ribosome in the cell, even interrupting active ribosomes in the middle of their work. Before Balon, hibernation factors had only been seen in empty ribosomes.
***
"Balon’s ability to halt the ribosome’s activity in its tracks is a critical adaptation for a microbe under stress, said Mee-Ngan Frances Yap, a microbiologist at Northwestern University who wasn’t involved in the work. “When bacteria are actively growing, they produce lots of ribosomes and RNA,” she said. “When they encounter stress, a species might need to shut down translation” of RNA into new proteins to begin conserving energy for a potentially long hibernation period.
***
"Balon can do this because it latches on to ribosomes in a unique way. Every ribosomal hibernation factor previously discovered physically blocks the ribosome’s A site, so any protein-making process that’s in progress must be completed before the factor can attach to turn off the ribosome. Balon, on the other hand, binds near but not across the channel, which allows it to come and go regardless of what the ribosome is doing.
***
"Despite Balon’s mechanistic novelty, it’s an exceedingly common protein. Once it was identified, Helena-Bueno and Melnikov found genetic relatives of Balon in upward of 20% of all the bacterial genomes cataloged in public databases. With help from Mariia Rybak, a molecular biologist at the University of Texas Medical Branch, they characterized two of these alternate bacterial proteins: one from the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, and another in Thermus thermophilus, which lives in the last place you’d catch P. urativorans — in ultra-hot underwater thermal vents. Both proteins also bind to the ribosome’s A site, suggesting that at least some of these genetic relatives act similarly to Balon in other bacterial species.
"Balon is notably absent from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the two most commonly studied bacteria and the most widely used models for cellular dormancy. By focusing on just a few lab organisms, scientists had missed a widespread hibernation tactic, Helena-Bueno said. “I tried to look into an under-studied corner of nature and happened to find something.'”
Comment: we sleep one-third of our lives, so this approach is not an unusual view. The use of one protein over and over points to design.
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David Turell,
2013-12-21, 15:35
- Genome complexity: DNA double coded -
David Turell,
2013-12-13, 05:32
- Genome complexity: how little we understand -
David Turell,
2013-12-10, 16:00
- Genome complexity: how little we understand -
David Turell,
2013-12-10, 15:54
- Genome complexity:misfolded proteins -
David Turell,
2013-12-10, 15:24
- Genome complexity:midbodies -
David Turell,
2013-12-04, 17:58
- Genome complexity: stop is not always stop - David Turell, 2014-05-23, 15:54
- Genome complexity in embryology - David Turell, 2015-04-16, 01:28
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-23, 01:45
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-23, 12:44
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-23, 18:58
- Genome complexity in embryology - David Turell, 2015-04-24, 18:05
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-24, 22:14
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-25, 01:00
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-26, 13:08
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-26, 21:14
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-27, 21:36
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-28, 02:14
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-29, 13:13
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-29, 18:32
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-30, 20:59
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-05-01, 02:38
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells -
David Turell,
2015-05-06, 03:19
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells - Balance_Maintained, 2015-05-06, 19:49
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells -
dhw,
2015-05-06, 21:43
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells -
David Turell,
2015-05-06, 21:53
- Genome complexity: many proteins from a few genes -
David Turell,
2016-02-11, 20:58
- Genome complexity: enzymes help repair DNA -
David Turell,
2016-02-12, 20:19
- Genome complexity: RNA has an extra letter! -
David Turell,
2016-02-17, 06:01
- Genome complexity: Plants have memories -
David Turell,
2016-02-22, 16:00
- Genome complexity: cell splirtting DNA mechanics -
David Turell,
2016-02-25, 13:50
- Genome complexity: retroviruses conrol immunity -
David Turell,
2016-03-04, 15:22
- Genome complexity: in embryology -
David Turell,
2016-03-24, 22:21
- Genome complexity: role of lncRna's -
David Turell,
2016-04-08, 16:05
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-06, 15:05
- Genome complexity: mutations self-directed? - David Turell, 2016-05-06, 15:22
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-07, 11:43
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-07, 15:15
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-08, 13:05
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-08, 15:34
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-09, 13:18
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-09, 19:20
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-10, 16:50
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-10, 18:11
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-10, 19:32
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving - David Turell, 2016-05-10, 21:56
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-11, 12:50
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-11, 15:02
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-11, 20:45
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-12, 00:46
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-12, 22:16
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 00:25
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-13, 05:35
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving - David Turell, 2016-05-13, 15:25
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-13, 05:35
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 00:25
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-12, 22:16
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-12, 17:58
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving - BBella, 2016-05-12, 22:38
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 00:22
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-13, 12:37
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 16:08
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-14, 10:47
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-14, 14:13
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-15, 17:52
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-15, 20:22
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-16, 16:09
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-16, 17:59
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-17, 00:12
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving - David Turell, 2016-05-17, 01:28
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving - dhw, 2016-05-17, 11:57
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-17, 00:12
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-16, 17:59
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-16, 16:09
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-15, 20:22
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-15, 17:52
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-14, 14:13
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-14, 10:47
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-13, 16:08
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-13, 12:37
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-12, 00:46
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-11, 20:45
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-11, 19:59
- Genome complexity: epigenetics in diagrams -
David Turell,
2016-05-14, 05:58
- Genome complexity: plants control gene expression -
David Turell,
2016-05-22, 15:17
- Genome complexity: horizontal gene transfer -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 14:52
- Genome complexity: horizontal gene transfer -
David Turell,
2016-06-13, 15:30
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-09, 15:28
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-09, 18:51
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-10, 12:15
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-10, 22:13
- Genome complexity: variation within species - David Turell, 2016-12-10, 23:56
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-11, 13:06
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-11, 19:24
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-12, 15:40
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-12, 17:33
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-13, 12:52
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-13, 19:40
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-14, 13:54
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-14, 18:20
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-14, 23:59
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-15, 16:59
- Genome complexity: variation within species - David Turell, 2016-12-15, 19:39
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-15, 16:59
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-15, 16:47
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-15, 20:23
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-16, 12:10
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-16, 15:28
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-17, 13:26
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-17, 14:38
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-18, 13:22
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-18, 21:37
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-19, 12:46
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-19, 15:24
- Genome complexity: variation within species - David Turell, 2016-12-19, 23:46
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-20, 12:40
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-20, 16:11
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-21, 17:48
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 20:58
- Genome complexity: variation within species - dhw, 2016-12-22, 12:52
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 20:58
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-21, 17:48
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-20, 16:11
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-19, 15:24
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-19, 12:46
- Genome complexity:does variation in species drive evolution? -
David Turell,
2021-09-20, 17:34
- Genome complexity: Controlling 3-D DNA relationships -
David Turell,
2021-09-21, 18:56
- Genome complexity: Controlling 3-D DNA relationships - David Turell, 2021-09-22, 18:33
- Genome complexity: Controlling 3-D DNA relationships -
David Turell,
2021-09-21, 18:56
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-18, 21:37
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-18, 13:22
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-17, 14:38
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-17, 13:26
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-16, 15:28
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-16, 12:10
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-15, 20:23
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-14, 23:59
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-14, 18:20
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-14, 13:54
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-13, 19:40
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-13, 12:52
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-12, 17:33
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-12, 15:40
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-11, 19:24
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-10, 22:13
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
dhw,
2016-12-10, 12:15
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-09, 18:51
- Genome complexity: variation within species -
David Turell,
2016-12-09, 15:28
- Genome complexity: horizontal gene transfer -
David Turell,
2016-06-13, 15:30
- Genome complexity: horizontal gene transfer -
David Turell,
2016-06-04, 14:52
- Genome complexity: rat mother epigenetics -
David Turell,
2016-12-15, 15:23
- Genome complexity: gene controls -
David Turell,
2016-12-16, 01:37
- Genome complexity: making specialized cells -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 15:17
- Genome complexity: limiting rogue DNA errors -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 15:50
- Genome complexity: telling which cells to develop. -
David Turell,
2016-12-23, 21:49
- Genome complexity: epigenetically handling poisons -
David Turell,
2017-02-23, 21:22
- Genome complexity: Electrons aid in DNA replication - David Turell, 2017-02-27, 01:32
- Genome complexity: new epigenetic marks -
David Turell,
2017-02-28, 18:07
- Genome complexity: plant sugar vs, oil production -
David Turell,
2017-03-19, 23:24
- Genome complexity: early steps reproducing DNA -
David Turell,
2017-03-19, 23:38
- Genome complexity: more RNA complexity -
David Turell,
2017-03-26, 21:51
- Genome complexity: DNA repair -
David Turell,
2017-03-26, 22:08
- Genome complexity: stem cell controls - David Turell, 2017-03-28, 23:19
- Genome complexity: DNA repair - David Turell, 2017-07-18, 15:40
- Genome complexity: epigenetic eye loss? -
David Turell,
2017-10-12, 18:28
- Genome complexity: video 3-D DNA dance -
David Turell,
2017-10-13, 15:01
- Genome complexity: complex telomere structure -
David Turell,
2018-04-25, 20:44
- Genome complexity: starts with a single fertilized egg -
David Turell,
2018-04-27, 01:55
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-11, 22:00
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-12, 11:12
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-12, 14:44
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-13, 13:45
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-13, 15:10
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-14, 12:57
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-14, 17:22
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-15, 12:59
- Genome complexity: RNA controls in cells -
David Turell,
2018-06-08, 19:37
- Genome complexity: many different codes -
David Turell,
2018-06-14, 15:25
- Genome complexity: complex traits may involve all genes -
David Turell,
2018-06-22, 18:19
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
David Turell,
2018-07-11, 22:03
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-12, 02:06
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
David Turell,
2018-07-12, 15:24
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-12, 22:08
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-12, 23:49
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-13, 00:59
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-13, 03:00
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-13, 18:31
- jumping genes -
dhw,
2018-07-14, 12:01
- jumping genes -
David Turell,
2018-07-14, 18:51
- jumping genes -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-15, 04:54
- jumping genes - David Turell, 2018-07-15, 15:07
- jumping genes -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-15, 04:54
- jumping genes -
David Turell,
2018-07-14, 18:51
- Genome complexity: control of alternate start sites -
David Turell,
2018-07-16, 21:08
- Genome complexity: control of alternate start sites -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-17, 05:52
- Genome complexity: control of alternate start sites -
David Turell,
2018-07-17, 15:20
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
David Turell,
2018-07-18, 20:13
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-19, 06:33
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
David Turell,
2018-07-19, 18:16
- Genome complexity: retrotransposons in egg production -
David Turell,
2018-07-26, 20:58
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
David Turell,
2018-08-15, 22:09
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
David Turell,
2018-08-16, 19:27
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-08-17, 01:16
- Genome complexity: cell wall codes - David Turell, 2019-04-04, 19:56
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-08-17, 01:16
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors -
David Turell,
2020-11-07, 20:40
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors -
dhw,
2020-11-08, 08:41
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-08, 17:28
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-09, 10:50
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-09, 14:45
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-10, 11:16
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-10, 18:11
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-11, 10:54
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-11, 15:32
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-12, 12:12
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-12, 17:34
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-13, 07:13
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-13, 23:02
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-14, 11:45
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion - David Turell, 2020-11-14, 21:06
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-14, 11:45
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-13, 23:02
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-13, 07:13
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-12, 17:34
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-12, 12:12
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-11, 15:32
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-11, 10:54
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-10, 18:11
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-10, 11:16
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-09, 14:45
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
dhw,
2020-11-09, 10:50
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors; dhw confusion -
David Turell,
2020-11-08, 17:28
- Genome complexity: how humans correct errors -
dhw,
2020-11-08, 08:41
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
David Turell,
2018-08-16, 19:27
- Genome complexity: controlling transposons -
David Turell,
2019-08-09, 19:16
- Genome complexity: transposons can change DNA folds - David Turell, 2020-01-24, 21:16
- Genome complexity: copy accuracy controls -
David Turell,
2018-08-15, 22:09
- Genome complexity: retrotransposons in egg production -
David Turell,
2018-07-26, 20:58
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found - David Turell, 2019-04-07, 05:07
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
David Turell,
2018-07-19, 18:16
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-19, 06:33
- Genome complexity: a new DNA repair mechanism found -
David Turell,
2018-07-18, 20:13
- Genome complexity: control of alternate start sites -
David Turell,
2018-07-17, 15:20
- Genome complexity: control of alternate start sites -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-17, 05:52
- jumping genes -
dhw,
2018-07-14, 12:01
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-13, 18:31
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-13, 03:00
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-13, 00:59
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-12, 23:49
- Genome complexity: Removing foreign or damaged DNA -
David Turell,
2018-07-12, 22:08
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
David Turell,
2018-07-12, 15:24
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
Balance_Maintained,
2018-07-12, 02:06
- Genome complexity: RNA modifications -
David Turell,
2018-07-11, 22:03
- Genome complexity: complex traits may involve all genes -
David Turell,
2018-06-22, 18:19
- Genome complexity: many different codes -
David Turell,
2018-06-14, 15:25
- Genome complexity: RNA controls in cells -
David Turell,
2018-06-08, 19:37
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-15, 12:59
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-14, 17:22
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-14, 12:57
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-13, 15:10
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-13, 13:45
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-12, 14:44
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
dhw,
2018-05-12, 11:12
- Genome complexity: we survive constant mutations -
David Turell,
2018-05-11, 22:00
- Genome complexity: starts with a single fertilized egg -
David Turell,
2018-04-27, 01:55
- Genome complexity: complex telomere structure -
David Turell,
2018-04-25, 20:44
- Genome complexity: video 3-D DNA dance -
David Turell,
2017-10-13, 15:01
- Genome complexity: DNA repair -
David Turell,
2017-03-26, 22:08
- Genome complexity: more RNA complexity -
David Turell,
2017-03-26, 21:51
- Genome complexity: early steps reproducing DNA -
David Turell,
2017-03-19, 23:38
- Genome complexity: plant sugar vs, oil production -
David Turell,
2017-03-19, 23:24
- Genome complexity: epigenetically handling poisons -
David Turell,
2017-02-23, 21:22
- Genome complexity: telling which cells to develop. -
David Turell,
2016-12-23, 21:49
- Genome complexity: limiting rogue DNA errors -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 15:50
- Genome complexity: making specialized cells -
David Turell,
2016-12-21, 15:17
- Genome complexity: gene controls -
David Turell,
2016-12-16, 01:37
- Genome complexity: plants control gene expression -
David Turell,
2016-05-22, 15:17
- Genome complexity: epigenetics in diagrams -
David Turell,
2016-05-14, 05:58
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-11, 15:02
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
BBella,
2016-05-10, 19:32
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-10, 18:11
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-10, 16:50
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-09, 19:20
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-09, 13:18
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-08, 15:34
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
dhw,
2016-05-08, 13:05
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-07, 15:15
- Genome complexity: mechanism stopped evolving -
David Turell,
2016-05-06, 15:05
- Genome complexity: role of lncRna's -
David Turell,
2016-04-08, 16:05
- Genome complexity: retroviruses are a real part of us -
David Turell,
2020-04-13, 01:21
- Genome complexity: getting X and Y together -
David Turell,
2020-05-30, 00:12
- Genome complexity: slicing and dicing DNA for germ cells -
David Turell,
2021-08-13, 19:18
- Genome complexity: controlling plant growth -
David Turell,
2022-04-28, 22:10
- Genome complexity: retroviruses in embryology -
David Turell,
2024-01-30, 15:37
- Genome complexity: hibernation and dormancy -
David Turell,
2024-06-09, 17:38
- Genome complexity: transposon (jumping gene) controls -
David Turell,
2024-07-11, 20:54
- Genome complexity: a new way of understanding how it works -
David Turell,
2024-07-12, 18:38
- Genome complexity: correcting hemophilia B -
David Turell,
2024-09-27, 19:18
- Genome complexity: spliceosome architecture - David Turell, 2024-10-31, 23:42
- Genome complexity: correcting hemophilia B -
David Turell,
2024-09-27, 19:18
- Genome complexity: a new way of understanding how it works -
David Turell,
2024-07-12, 18:38
- Genome complexity: transposon (jumping gene) controls -
David Turell,
2024-07-11, 20:54
- Genome complexity: hibernation and dormancy -
David Turell,
2024-06-09, 17:38
- Genome complexity: retroviruses in embryology -
David Turell,
2024-01-30, 15:37
- Genome complexity: controlling plant growth -
David Turell,
2022-04-28, 22:10
- Genome complexity: slicing and dicing DNA for germ cells -
David Turell,
2021-08-13, 19:18
- Genome complexity: getting X and Y together -
David Turell,
2020-05-30, 00:12
- Genome complexity: in embryology -
David Turell,
2016-03-24, 22:21
- Genome complexity: retroviruses conrol immunity -
David Turell,
2016-03-04, 15:22
- Genome complexity: cell splirtting DNA mechanics -
David Turell,
2016-02-25, 13:50
- Genome complexity: Plants have memories -
David Turell,
2016-02-22, 16:00
- Genome complexity: RNA has an extra letter! -
David Turell,
2016-02-17, 06:01
- Genome complexity: enzymes help repair DNA -
David Turell,
2016-02-12, 20:19
- Genome complexity in embryology:organizer - David Turell, 2016-06-04, 21:05
- Genome complexity: many proteins from a few genes -
David Turell,
2016-02-11, 20:58
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells -
David Turell,
2015-05-06, 21:53
- Genome complexity in embryology: neural crest cells -
David Turell,
2015-05-06, 03:19
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-05-01, 02:38
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-30, 20:59
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-29, 18:32
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-29, 13:13
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-28, 02:14
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-27, 21:36
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-26, 21:14
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-26, 13:08
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-25, 01:00
- Genome complexity in embryology -
David Turell,
2015-04-23, 18:58
- Genome complexity in embryology -
dhw,
2015-04-23, 12:44
- Genome complexity in embryology: new theory -
David Turell,
2016-06-10, 02:28
- Genome complexity in embryology: mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-27, 14:30
- Genome complexity in embryology: nerve routes -
David Turell,
2017-04-24, 15:09
- Genome complexity in embryology: nerve routes -
Balance_Maintained,
2017-04-25, 00:43
- Genome complexity in embryology: nerve routes - David Turell, 2017-04-25, 01:01
- Genome complexity in embryology: nerve routes -
Balance_Maintained,
2017-04-25, 00:43
- Genome complexity in embryology: egg starting -
David Turell,
2017-07-11, 23:41
- Genome complexity in embryology: egg starting -
Balance_Maintained,
2017-07-13, 05:53
- Genome complexity in embryology: egg starting - David Turell, 2017-07-13, 15:23
- Genome complexity in embryology: egg starting -
Balance_Maintained,
2017-07-13, 05:53
- Genome complexity in embryology: stem cell action -
David Turell,
2017-07-28, 19:20
- Genome complexity in embryology: non-DNA information -
David Turell,
2018-06-03, 20:41
- Plant embryology: leaf making feedback controls - David Turell, 2018-06-06, 19:42
- Genome complexity in embryology: non-DNA information -
David Turell,
2018-06-03, 20:41
- Genome complexity in embryology: nerve routes -
David Turell,
2017-04-24, 15:09
- Genome complexity in embryology: control by electricity -
David Turell,
2018-07-06, 19:20
- Genome complexity in embryology: bone manufacture -
David Turell,
2018-08-27, 19:35
- Genome complexity in embryology: directing construction - David Turell, 2018-08-27, 19:43
- Genome complexity in embryology: bone manufacture -
David Turell,
2018-08-27, 19:35
- Genome complexity in embryology: mitochondria -
David Turell,
2016-06-27, 14:30
- Genome complexity: transposon control -
David Turell,
2013-06-24, 15:55