Cell complexity: another method of mitochondrial repair (Introduction)

by David Turell , Saturday, April 05, 2025, 20:55 (1 day, 1 hours, 28 min. ago) @ David Turell

New discovery:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/04/250404140532.htm

The research team, headed by Professor Pla-Martín from the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I at HHU, has identified a specialised recycling system, which cells activate when they identify damage to the mtDNA.

According to the authors in Science Advances, this mechanism relies on a protein complex known as retromer and the lysosomes -- cell organelles containing digestive enzymes. These special cellular compartments act like recycling centres, eliminating the damaged genetic material. This process is one of the mechanisms, which prevent the accumulation of faulty mtDNA, thus maintaining cellular health and potentially preventing diseases.

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In collaboration with the cell biologist Dr Parisa Kakanj from the University of Cologne, who is also a member of the CEPLAS Cluster of Excellence, Professor Pla-Martín was able to verify and extend the findings using fruit flies (Drosophila) as a model organism. Dr Kakanj showed that damaged mitochondrial DNA are eliminated much more quickly and that mitochondrial function improves significantly when the activity of the retromer complex -- in particular the protein VPS35 -- is increased.

Dr Kakanj: "Using Drosophila allowed us to confirm our initial findings in human cells and demonstrate clear improvements in mitochondrial health. This opens up exciting possibilities for therapeutic strategies for treating mitochondrial diseases and age-related conditions."

Comment: of course mitochondria must have repair systems. Cells recognize improper proteins and react to them just as if they are immunity cells.