Cell complexity (Introduction)

by David Turell , Friday, November 09, 2012, 15:26 (4186 days ago)

The Central Dogma is the current basis for Darwinism. With cell systems research it is an inadequate explanation of how life really works. as I have predicted, the complexity is overwhelming, and not the straightline simplicity of the Central Dogma. Shapiro has told us this.-"Because of its simplicity, the central dogma has the tantalizing
allure of deduction: If one accepts the premises (that DNA
encodes mRNA, and mRNA, protein), it seems one cannot
deny the conclusions (that genes are the blueprint for life). As
a result, the central dogma has guided research into causes of
disease and phenotype, as well as constituted the basis for the
tools used in the laboratory to interrogate these causes for the
past half century.
The past decade, however, has witnessed a rapid accumulation
of evidence that challenges the linear logic of the
central dogma. Four previously unassailable beliefs about the
genome—that it is static throughout the life of the organism;
that it is invariant between cell type and individual2...4; that
changes occurring in somatic cells cannot be inherited (also
known as Lamarckian evolution5); and that necessary and
sufficient information for cellular function is contained in the
gene sequence—have all been called into question in the last
few years. Revelations of similar scale have occurred in the
transcriptome, with the discovery of the ubiquity (and variety)
of mRNA splicing.6 So too with the proteome, which has
undergone perhaps the most dramatic shift in understanding
as a result of the aforementioned changes to the transcriptome
and the genome, as well as by the explosion of technology
development that has enabled both quantitative and qualitative
analysis of large groups of proteins and their modifications
in a single experiment. It is now clear that information
flows multidirectionally between different tiers of biological
information, of which genes, transcripts, and proteins constitute
only the most obvious 3.
The ostensible fourth step in the central dogma—how
molecules "encode" cells— clearly lacks the crystalline formulas
that relate DNA to protein. Although molecular details
have been revealed for thousands of cellular events, no model
exists that can explain how, for example, the modest erythrocyte
is formed without error 2 million times per second in
adult Homo sapiens. In contrast to a blueprint that can
perfectly describe how to assemble a motorcycle or to build
a city, we lack the knowledge to explain how a cell forms
with correct processes operational, cellular structures formed,
and signaling mechanisms in place. It is in attempting to
extend the central dogma beyond proteins that one realizes
the logic of biological systems and engineered ones are
fundamentally different.7 Just as the central dogma did for the
investigation of basic and medical biological problems, a new
synthesis for how cells form and function will result in
philosophical shifts in research, as well as technological
breakthroughs to enable it."-http://circgenetics.ahajournals.org/content/suppl/2011/11/08/4.5.576.DC1/HCG200254.pdf-
These folks are still not thinking about Intelligent Design, hanging on to a belief in chance.