Rare Earth: our iron isotope ratios differ from others (Introduction)

by David Turell , Friday, March 03, 2017, 15:02 (2823 days ago) @ David Turell

Very sophisticated analysis of light hand heavy iron isotopes on Earth finds that the ratios of heavy and light iron differ from the studies taken from other solar system bodies:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170221110719.htm

"The research, published in Nature Communications on Feb. 20, opens the door for other competing theories about why the Earth, relative to other planets, has higher levels of heavy iron isotopes. Among them: light iron isotopes may have been vaporized into space by a large impact with another planet that formed the moon; the slow churning of the mantle as it makes and recycles the Earth's crust may preferentially incorporate heavy iron into rock; or, the composition of the raw material that formed the planet in its earliest days may have been enriched with heavy iron.

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"Rock samples from other planetary bodies and objects -- ranging from the moon, to Mars, to ancient meteorites called chondrites -- all share about the same ratio of heavy to light iron isotopes. In comparison to these samples from space, rocks from Earth have about 0.01 percent more heavy iron isotopes than light isotopes.
That might not sound like much, but Lin said it's significant enough to make the Earth's iron composition unique among known worlds.

"'This 0.01 percent anomaly is very significant compared with, say, chondrites," Lin said. "This significant difference thus represents a different source or origin of our planet."

"Lin said that one of the most popular theories to explain the Earth's iron signature is that the relatively large size of the planet (compared with other rocky bodies in the solar system) created high pressure and high temperature conditions during core formation that made different proportions of heavy and light iron isotopes accumulate in the core and mantle. This resulted in a larger share of heavy iron isotopes bonding with elements that make up the rocky mantle, while lighter iron isotopes bonded together and with other trace metals to form the Earth's core.

"But when the research team used a diamond anvil to subject small samples of metal alloys and silicate rocks to core formation pressures, they not only found that the iron isotopes stayed put, but that the bonds between iron and other elements got stronger. Instead of breaking and rebonding with common mantle or core elements, the initial bond configuration got sturdier.

"'Our high pressure studies find that iron isotopic fractionation between silicate mantle and metal core is minimal," said Liu, the lead author.

"Lin said it will take more research to uncover the reason for the Earth's unique iron signature, and that experiments that approximate early conditions on Earth will play a key role because rocks from the core are impossible to attain."

Comment: Studies of the Earth keep coming up with findings that shows this planet is a very special place as an incubator for life. God in control?