How do cells communicate? (Introduction)

by David Turell , Wednesday, April 22, 2015, 02:08 (3503 days ago)

"Cells communicate through their own language of chemical signals. Different compounds, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, act like words and phrases, telling a cell about the environment around it or communicating messages. When the pancreas detects a person has just eaten, for example, it releases the hormone insulin to tell other cells in the body to remove glucose from the blood. Just as a person needs ears as much as a mouth to have a conversation, cells use receptor proteins either on the outer cell wall or inside the cell itself to “hear” different signals. Once the signal chemical binds to a receptor, that protein turns on a signaling cascade in the cell that ultimately leads to the cell's response. Every cell has receptors that can detect a lot of different signals, so they are constantly bombarded with biological conversation. Imagine being in a room and having everyone talking at you at once! So how does a plant use cellular communication to grow toward sunlight? The growing tips of plants produce auxin — a hormone that tells cells to grow and divide — which is then sent to the rest of the plant. The shady parts of a plant receive more auxin, which causes those cells to elongate while the sunny-side cells don't. When one side lengthens while the other side stays the same, the plant will bend."-http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/science-sushi/2013/08/24/ask-discover-how-do-cells-communicate/-Look at the diagrams: B cell antigen receptor and Akt.-Do you need a decision-maker with these kinds of set up decision circuits?