More Shapiro (Introduction)
by David Turell 
, Wednesday, March 05, 2014, 14:54 (3916 days ago)
A very thorough review by James Shapiro of his contenton that mutations do not drive evolution as much as natural genetic engineering: gene transfer, DNA implanted by viruses and amoeba. Symbiosis with cells adding mitochondria and chloroplasts. Transpositions and retrotranspositions and hosts of oher methods. Regulatory RNA's, etc. etc. etc. The actual list is huge.-http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/Shapiro.2013.RNABIOL0220.pdf
More Shapiro; giant viruses
by David Turell , Wednesday, March 05, 2014, 17:57 (3916 days ago) @ David Turell
Should they be added to the branches of life, even though they are not self-sufficient? They add to the ways RNA and DNA can be transferred between organisms.:-http://www.the-scientist.com//?articles.view/articleNo/39244/title/Viruses-Reconsidered/